Power Utilities

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ Power Utilities / Power Utilities.iso / utility / pro126 / convolve.doc < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1991-03-24 | 20.4 KB | 388 lines

▒▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒▒ ▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒ ▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒■ ▒ ▄ ▒▄▄▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒■ ▒▄▄▄▒ ▒■ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒■ ▒▄▄▒ ▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▄▄ C O N V O L V E v1.2 (c)1991. by John Sirabella Synopsis: This program performs image processing on a 320x200x256 image. This image can be grayscales or color. A 3x3 High-pass, Low- pass, Gradient or Laplacin filter is passed over the image to bring out specific features or edges in the image. User can create there own filters since they are just text files. Resultant images created by program can optionally be saved to a .PCX file. Each resultant image can be scaled down for desired effect according to needs. Requirements: VGA Graphics is required and DOS 3.x or better. Program will run on any IBM PC/XT/AT or compatible system. A 286 AT or better is preferable. The reason we created this program for VGA Graphics only is because many grayscales and/or colors are needed to produces reasonable results. One cannot perform any image processing with only 16 colors so we selected the VGA mode 13H that supports 256 simultaneous colors. Experience: This program was designed for the beginner in mind. It will illustrate the process of convolution and give you a working program and some images to play with. The Program: The Program was written with Quick C v2.5 and "portions of the code copyright Genus Microprogramming, Inc. 1988-1990". The C Source Code is not available. Distribution: This program is FULLY FUNCTIONAL shareware and may be distributed freely. You may not charge more than $5.00 for the distribution of this program. Legalities : All versions of this program are protected under copyright law. You may not modify, reverse engineer or change this program in anyway. Cost of I am asking a $15.00 contribution for this program. Your Program: payment will allow for future enhancement and continued development. When you register, you will be entitled to the next release of this program when it becomes available. Refer to the end of this documentation file for registration form. Program You can call our bbs and leave a message for the sysop if you Support: need program support. In addition you will find a great bbs! ─╥─ ╖ ╓ ╥─╖ ╓─╖ ╓─╖ ╓─╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╥─╖ ╓─╖ ║ ╟─╢ ╟─ ║ ╥ ╟─╢ ║ ║ ║ ╟─ ╟─╜ ╟─ ║ ║ ║ ║ ║ ╟─ ╟┬╜ ╟─╢ ╟─╢ ╙─╖ ╨ ╜ ╙ ╨─╜ ╙─╜ ╜ ╙ ╨ ╨ ╨─╜ ╨ ╨─╜ ╨─╜ ╨─╜ ╙─╜ ╨─╜ ╨ \ ╨─╜ ╨─╜ ╙─╜ Call Our BBS and Choose from a Wide Selection of Files, Doors and Bulletins. Call 24 Hours a day, 7 days a week. Discover The Game Peddler BBS Today! ┌─────────────────────┐ │ ┌─────────────────┐ │ │ │SOFTWARE │ │ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │ │ RELAYNET │ │ ▒▒ ╔═════════════════╗ ▒▒ │ │ BULLETINS │ │ ▒▒ ║ HAYES ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀ ║ ▒▒ │ │ PRIZES │ │ ▒▒▄║ 516-493-0186 ║ ▒▒ │ │ DOORS │ │ ▄▀▒▒ ╚══╦════════════╦═╝ ▒▒ │ │ ADS │ │ ▀▄ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │ └─────────────────┘ │ █▀ ▒▒ ╔═════════════════╗ ▒▒ └───▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄──┘ ▀▄ ▒▒ ║ U S R ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀ ║ ▒▒ ┌─────────────▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀─────────────┐ ▄▀ ▒▒▄║ 516-493-0785 ║ ▒▒ │ ┌────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ ┌────────┐ │▀ ▄▀▒▒ ╚══╦═══════════╦══╝ ▒▒ │ │ AT │ │ ° ▄ ▄ 386/20MHZ │ │ ─┬──── │ │ ▄▀▀ ▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ │ └────┘ └───────────────────┘ │────────│ │▀ ▒▒ ╔═════════════════╗ ▒▒ │ ════════════════════════════ │. 1 GB │ │▄ ▒▒ ║ GVC2400 ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀ ║ ▒▒ │ ════════════════════════════ └────────┘ │ ▀▄▄▀▄▒▒▄║ 516-462-5287 ║ ▒▒ └─────▄▄─────────────────────────────▄▄──────┘ ▒▒ ╚══╦═══════════╦══╝ ▒▒ ┌────────────────────────┐ │ MOTIVATION FOR PROGRAM │ └────────────────────────┘ Having a facination for graphics programming I decided to explore image processing. I was quite interested in the area process convolution. By applying a small filter to an image you can get some very interesting or some not so interesting results. I have played with this program for hours and have found it very enjoyable. It is very interesting to try to anticipate the result of the process or to apply the appropriate filter to yield the desired result. I'm sure this program will peak your interest as it as done mine. ┌───────────────────────────┐ │ WHAT DOES THE PROGRAM DO? │ └───────────────────────────┘ The concept of convolution is the application of a filter to an image to enhance specific aspects of it. Convolution is an area process. What I mean by an area process is that each pixel in the resultant image is determined a group of pixels in the original image. Specifically this group of pixels is a 3x3 filter that gets applied to our original image. Each of the filters provided has a certain mathematical significance. Alot of complex mathematics went into there design. I have included 22 filters for you to use. Each of the filters is in a .TXT file. In addition, you can create your own filters to test and experiment with. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ FILTERS TO BE USED FOR IMAGE MODIFICATION │ └───────────────────────────────────────────┘ The filters you can use to modify an image are the following: Low-Pass Spatial Filters Purpose of Filters LWPAS19.TXT - LOWPASS 1 Low-pass filters leave the low-frequency LWPAS10.TXT - LOWPASS 2 content of an image intact while attenuating LWPAS486.TXT - LOWPASS 3 the high-frequency content. Low-pass filters are good at reducing the visual noise contained in an image. Noise is garbage found in image that does not pertain to image. Low frequency areas in an image is where the color of the pixels vary slowly or remains constant. You are required to use RCONVOLV to use these filters since they are composed of real numbers. High-Pass Spatial Filters High-pass filters accentuate the high- frequency details of an image while leaving HP191.TXT - HIGHPASS 1 the low-frequency content intact. High-pass HP150.TXT - HIGHPASS 2 filtering is used whenever objects with high HP125.TXT - HIGHPASS 3 spacial-frequency content need to be examined. The higher-frequency portions of an image will be highlighted while the lower-frequency portions become black. The use of High-pass filters may highlight images at the expense of adding noise to the image. High frequency in images can be found by looking at edges of objects. Edge enhancement of an image is possible with the use of High-pass filtering. Edge Enhancement Filters Edge enhancement filters reduce an image to just edges. The brightness of an edge after enhancement is proportional to the change in brightness surrounding the edge in the original image. Edge enhancement is mainly used for machine vision. It is can also be used as an artistic tool to produce striking outlined images. Laplacian Edge Enhancement Laplacian edge enhancement differs from the other enhancement methods since it is omni- LAP1.TXT - LAPLACIAN 1 directional. It highlights edges regardless LAP2.TXT - LAPLACIAN 2 of direction. Laplacian edge enhancements LAP3.TXT - LAPLACIAN 3 generate sharper edge definition than do LAP4.TXT - LAPLACIAN 4 most other enhancment operation. Additionally, it highlights edges having both positive and negative brightness slopes. All regions in the image which illustrate a rapid change will be accentuated and non-varing regions attenuated. Shift and Difference Edge As the name implies, these filters enhance Enhancement image edges by shifting an image pixel and then substracting the shifted image from the SDVEDGE.TXT - VERT. EDGE original. The result of the substraction is SDHEDGE.TXT - HORZ. EDGE a measure of the slope of the brightness trend. SDHVEDGE.TXT - VERT/HORZ EDGE In an area of constant pixel intensity, the substraction will yield a slope of zero. Zero results in black pixel values. In an area with large changes in intensity, an edge, for example, the subtraction will yield a large value for the slope, which will become a light colored pixel. The larger the difference in intensities, the lighter the pixel. Gradient Directional Edge Using Gradient edge detectors allows you Enhancement to specify a direction for the edges other than just horizontal or vertical. Diagonal GRADNORT.TXT - NORTH edges can be specified as well. This is GRADNE.TXT - NORTHEAST accomplished by using directions to indicate GRADSOUT.TXT - SOUTH the exact direction of the edges desired. GRADSE.TXT - SOUTHEAST If a positive slope in the direction of the GRADWEST - WEST filter exists, a light-colored pixel will be GRADSW.TXT - SOUTHWEST placed in the resultant image. For example GRADNW.TXT - NORTHWEST if the East Kernal is used, a light-colored GRADEAST.TXT - EAST pixel will be placed in the output image if there is a transition from black to white in the east (left to right) direction of image. Constant regions will be attenuated while regions of high frequency change will be accentuated. Blurring Filter The purpose of this filter is to blurr the image. BLUR.TXT ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │ FILES INCLUDED WITH THE PROGRAM │ └─────────────────────────────────┘ There are 31 files that should have been included with the archive file that you received: RCONVOLV.EXE - Convolution Program for Low-Pass Filters Only - Real Numbers ICONVOLV.EXE - Convolution Program for All Filter Except Low-Pass - Int #'s CONVOLVE.DOC - Program Documentation - The File you are reading Now. DEMO.BAT - Demo's the Convolution Program and Illustrates Switches BLUR.TXT - The Blurring Filter GRADEAST.TXT - The Gradient East Filter GRADNE.TXT - The Gradient North East Filter GRADNORT.TXT - The Gradient North Filter GRADNW.TXT - The Gradient Northwest Filter GRADSE.TXT - The Gradient Southeast Filter GRADSOUT.TXT - The Gradient South Filter GRADSW.TXT - The Gradient Southwest Filter GRADWEST.TXT - The Gradient West Filter HP125.TXT - High-pass Filter HP150.TXT - High-pass Filter HP191.TXT - High-pass Filter LAP1.TXT - Laplacian Filter LAP2.TXT - Laplacian Filter LAP3.TXT - Laplacian Filter LAP4.TXT - Laplacian Filter LWPAS10.TXT - Low-pass Filter LWPAS19.TXT - Low-pass Filter LWPAS486.TXT - Low-pass Filter SDHEDGE.TXT - Shift & Difference Horizontal Edge Filter SDHVEDGE.TXT - Shift & Difference Horizontal & Vertical Edge Filter SDVEDGE.TXT - Shift & Difference Vertical Edge Filter BANANA.PCX - An XXX-Rated Black & White Picture - Great with Edge Detectors BVISTA.PCX - A Picture of Trees that Illustrates Many Gray-Levels CLOWN.PCX - A Close-up of a Clown Face ROSE.PCX - A Lovely Picture of an Open Rose The only requirement is that the appropriate filter, image and program you are using reside in the same directory. Also if you wish to create .PCX files of the resultant image, there must be space on the disk for it. ┌─────────────────────┐ │ RUNNING THE PROGRAM │ └─────────────────────┘ To run this program you type either ICONVOLV or RCONVOLV with the appropriate parameters. All Low-pass filters require the use of RCONVOLV because the filters contain real numbers. ICONVOLV is for all integer filters. If you have a choice wether to use ICONVOLV or RCONVOLV, use ICONVOLV since it is much faster! To dive right in lets look at the demo that has been provided. You can run the demonstration of the program by entering DEMO.BAT at the DOS command line. ICONVOLV HP191.TXT BVISTA.PCX -D NEWVISTA.PCX -S 1 This example illustrates that you are using a High-pass filter on the BVISTA.PCX image that was provided on the diskette. The resultant image of the processing will be stored using the -D switch in a file called NEWVISTA.PCX. The -S Switch is the scale factor. If it appears that there is too much color in your image, or you wish to obtain a different effect, you can apply a scale filter. In the example above a scale factor of 1 was used. Both saving the resultant image and the scale factor are optional. You can simply type the following if you do not wish to save the result and scale the image. ICONVOLV HP191.TXT BVISTA.PCX Some examples for you to try: ICONVOLV BLUR.TXT BVISTA.PCX -S 2 - This will blur image, try other scale factors also. ICONVOLV LAP1.TXT CLOWN.PCX -S 1 - This will extract edges of image in all directions. Again try to adjust scale factor. ICONVOLV LAP2.TXT BANANA.PCX - Look at Those Edges, forget the XXX Ratings of this picture. RCONVOLV LWPAS10.TXT ROSE.PCX - Brings out the low frequencies and attenuates the high frequencies ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │ FUTURE OF THE CONVOLVE PROGRAM │ └─────────────────────────────────┘ I see a need to localize the Convolution to a specific region on the screen. For example instead of convoluting the entire image with a filter, you may wish to only convolute part of it. We expect this to be one of the additions in our next release. We also are thinking of creating many image processing utilities so you can have a digital darkroom at your disposal. ┌──────────────────────────┐ │ REGISTERING YOUR PROGRAM │ └──────────────────────────┘ Registering your program entitles you to be mailed the next FREE UPGRADE of our program when it becomes available. Complete the order form below and send a check or moneyorder for $15.00 payable to: John Sirabella Mail it to the following address: The Game Peddler BBS P.O. Box 159 Commack, NY 11725 If you come across any interesting 320x200x256 .GIF or .PCX Files that are of excellent quality, please send them to us! -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | CONVOLVE PROGRAM REGISTRATION FORM | | | | | | NAME________________________________________________________________ | | | | ADDRESS_____________________________________________________________ | | | | TOWN________________________ STATE______________ ZIP________________ | | | | PHONE_______________________________________________________________ | | | | WHERE DID YOU DOWNLOAD THIS PROGRAM FROM:___________________________ | | | | WHAT DO YOU LIKE ABOUT THIS PROGRAM:________________________________ | | | | ____________________________________________________________________ | | | | ____________________________________________________________________ | | | | WHAT DO YOU DISLIKE ABOUT THIS PROGRAM:_____________________________ | | | | ____________________________________________________________________ | | | | ____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | HOW CAN THIS PROGRAM BE IMPROVED?___________________________________ | | | | ____________________________________________________________________ | | | | ____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | *** PROGRAM AGREEMENT *** | | | | You use this program solely at your own risk. I John Sirabella make | | NO promises, guarantees or warranties about the use of this program. | | You use this program and any results that you obtain from it entirely | | at your own risk. | | | | | | I, ____________________________ understand and agree to all of the | | limitations stated above. | |________________________________________________________________________| ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒▒ ▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒ ▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒■ ▒ ▄ ▒▄▄▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒■ ▒▄▄▄▒ ▒■ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒■ ▒▄▄▒ ▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒▒ ▒▒▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒ ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒▒▒ ▒ ▒ ▄▄ Here is a listing of our software that we have created to date: Tic-Tac-Toe - A Very Nice Text based Tic-Tac-Toe Game. This game offers TICTAC2.ZIP a nice assortment of colors and graphics and it fills the entire screen. A simple game yet I have never seen one such as this. 5-Card Casino - A Nice 5-Card Casino Poker Game. It is also text-based and CARDCAS.ZIP offer nice colors and graphics and sound. Our rendition of the game of poker. Numerical - Provides you with a way to evulate your ideas and strategies Match about number matching games. Good for lottery games. Analysis MANALSIS.ZIP Convolve - Our latest release, performs the image processing operation CONVOLVE.ZIP convolution on an image. Great for image enhancement and special effects.